History

We want to tell you about a wonderful land - Azerbaijan and its unique nature, its centuries-old culture and history, and of the ancient people inhabiting this land, his life, customs and traditions which absorbed the elements of various cultures and civilizations.

Time has preserved here a great number of archaeological and architectural monuments of ancient epochs. The reader will be acquainted in this photo-book with Azykh cave, the earliest dwelling site of primitive man, Gobustan - famous for its rock inscriptions skilfully drawn by ancient artists, the ruins of one of the earliest towns of Azerbaijn - Kabaia, sublime medieval architectural monuments of Nakhchivan, Barda, Baku, Shekhi and other cities.

The ancient stone writings, manuscripts, carpet designs which reached us from the ancient times would tell much to those who can, and, above all, are willing to read them to familiarize with Azerbaijan, to learn the truth about this country, to look at it with kind eyes, with the eyes of friends.

Azerbaijanis is the country of ancient culture. The Ogouz tribes, having migrated and settled in the region, found here deep-rooted traditions of culture created in the course of centuries by efforts of many generations, and the Ogouzes in their turn enriched it with the traditions of All-Turkic culture.

Talent and creative genius of our people are reflected in the books "Kitabi Dede Korkud", "Ogouz-name", "Koroglu" and other early literary monuments.

This fertile, generous and kind land is the cradle of many enlighteners, philosophers, scholars, poets, architects, musicians, artists. The legends say that Zoroaster was born here. The Azerbaijan land gave the world such outstanding people as Nizami Ganjevi, Khagani Shirvani, Bahmaniyar, Nasimi, Fizuli, Nasireddin Tusi, Shakh Ismail Khatai, Molla Panah Vagif, A. Bakikhanov, M.F. Akhundov, M.A. Sabir, J. Mammadgulizade, Gusein Javid, J.Jabarly, Samed Vurgun, Aliaga Vahid, Rasul Rza and many others.

Bright, manycoloured palette of nature of the native land has found its reflection in the canvases of Sattar Bahlulzade, Tahir Salahov, Togrul Narimanbeyov, Mikail Abdullayev and other talented masters of the brush.
Folk music, mugams have inspired our outstanding composers -
Uzeir Hajibekov, Muslim Magomayev, Gara Garayev, Fikret Amirov, Niyazi, Arif Melikov, world-renowned singers Bul-Bul and Rashid Beibutov.

Famous Azerbaijani carpets, as if absorbed all colours of nature, all stages of the history of native land, today like magic flying carpets, crossing the frontiers of time, spread around the world glorifying the craftsmanship of our carpet-makers.

Many museums of the world have on display the items of arts and crafts of metal, ceramic, silk and wood made by the Azerbaijani craftsmen.

Science and education in Azerbaijan have deep roots. The establishment of the Baku State University in 1919 and the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences in 1945 played a key role in the development of science, education and culture in the republic. Today the interests of our scientists range from the problems of the Caspian Sea and space research to mysteries of human brain and many other fields.

Tens of higher and technical educational establishments, thousands of schools, colleges and Lyceums, a theological gymnasium - that is the spectrum of educational orientation of Azerbaijan today.

One of the most important problems at which the Azerbaijani scientists are working now is the ecology and preservation of the Caspian Sea and other regions of the republic. The scientists have succeeded in preserving unique natural parks - Kisylagaj, Shirvan, Zakatala, Ag-gel, Girkan and others.

The structure of industry of Azerbaijan for decades has been determined by oil-production, petrochemistry and refining, as for agriculture - by cotton, grapes, fruits and vegetables growing and livestock-breeding.
On the turn of the 20th century Baku becomes the oil centre of the world. Businessmen from all over the world come here. Oil has turned once provincial town of Baku into one of the nicest cities of Europe. At that time outstanding architects of Europe, Russia and the East were working and creating here. The look of the city boasts organically interwoven Gothic, Barouqe and moresque styles and the architecture of the national Apsheron school. It was the fusion of these various trends that gave life to a unique architectural style, so-called Baku "eclectism".

From the end of the 19th century, thanks to efforts of the Azerbaijani intellectuals and industrialists, with a view to develop culture, education and health care, some philanthropic institutions were set up. Beginning from 1905 their number increased and the range of their activity widened considerably. The establishment fund of these institutions was made up of donations by rich merchants and industrialists, incidentally, the foundation of the most prestigious in the world Nobel Prize was laid down in Baku. Among the benefactors of that time Haji Zeinalabdin Tagiyev was especially notable. Millionaires Musa Nagiyev, Shamsi Asadullayev, Murtuza Mukhtarov and others were also participating actively in charity deeds. Thanks to their efforts new public buildings were put up, new schools and gymnasiums opened, national dramatic art, health care, the press got boost in their development, the city's water-supply was improved. Gifted young people were sent to study at the best universities of Europe and Russia.

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